Most people with diabetes need to use insulin to control their blood glucose. The growth in demand for insulin and insulin-based drugs worldwide calls for more investments in the production of insulin active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in Brazil. Background/Objectives: This study evaluates the pharma-chemical sector and pharmaceutical industry simultaneously to elucidate possible opportunities for the development of products in the insulin and insulin-based drug production chain in Brazil. Methods: Scientific, technological, and market databases and sources were searched for data on the pharmaceutical industry relating to insulin APIs, insulin, and insulin-based drugs. The databases accessed were PubMed through the CAPES portal, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, as well as Comex Stat, APEX-BRASIL and Siscomex (Comércio Exterior do Brasil), Trade Map, UN Comtrade, and others Brazilian and global government entities. Results: Insulin is the most widely used hormone in the world and is insulin APIs are the most import by Brazil. However, Brazil exports insulin-based medicines to various countries through the multinational Novo Nordisk, with manufacturing facilities in the country. Conclusions: There are opportunities for new entrants and new niches for incremental research and biosimilars since the expiration of some patents in the area of diabetes, especially insulin-based drugs.